Past twenty years have seen a dramatic change in lifestyle, our priorities, our work and jobs, as a result there has been rise in number of people finding it difficult to conceive. There have been equal rise in the cases of miscarriages.

Age has a role in infertility as well as miscarriages.

Ratio of Infertility

20 -25 years 26-35 years 36-45 years

4-5 % 13-14% 20-22%

Similarly the risk of miscarriage becomes 5 times when women crosses 35.

In 40% of cases the male partner has the problem. The criteria of average normal sperm count has fallen sharply over the past two decades .The lifestyle factors, stress , smoking, alcohol, environmental pollutants, high use of pesticides all have a role in more and more cases of low and abnormal sperm counts.

The abnormal sperm have DNA disintegration and risk of chromosomal abnormalities are high, hence again rise in cases of miscarriage.

Even car exhaust has benzo pyrene which has found to affect sperm count and follicle reduction in animal studies. Petroleum distillates, acetone (found in nail polish remover) has shown to be responsible for miscarriages in researches conducted in occupational health and safety.

Coffee has shown to decrease fertility as well increase risk of miscarriage in women drinking more than 2-3 cups per day. Cocaine and marijuana has a role in decreasing fertility, sperm activity and fertilization. Marijuana also has shown to disturb ovulation by disturbing nervous system and directly toxic to eggs in studies conducted. Monosodium glutamate commonly uses in foods to enhance flavors affects the embryo growth and found to cause infertility problems in test animals.

8-10 % of sperms of healthy male are abnormal, some carry wrong chromosomes or genetic errors.. This genetic disturbance increase with the environmental pollutants and toxicities.

90% OF FOETUSES WITH MALFORMATIONS ARE SPONTANEOUSLY ABORTED DURING EALY PREGNANCY , SOME EVEN BEFORE THE DIAGNOSIS OF PREGNANACY IS MADE.